Study of Quantum Cryptography

The concept of quantum cryptography involves the quantum physics by which two parties can establish a secure key exchange. The security in such system is defined by the laws of quantum physics. Quantum cryptography holds its root from Steven weisner’s conjugate coding. The basics of quantum cryptography is based on two principles of mechanics namely, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and photo polarization law. The uncertainty law says that the quantum of any state cannot be determined by without disturbing the particular system whereas the law of photo polarization says that the unknown qubits can never be guessed by traffic analysis or another kind of passive attack. This paper presents the current scenario of quantum cryptography, its implementation and its future use.